Blog Post #4

PART 1:

A new technique for determining what causes stem cells to change into other cell types could revolutionize our understanding of how genes function. This, scientists have been studying cell differentiation in order to use it to regrow human body parts and create a big change in medical revolution. However, not only the stem cells, our cells differentiate, too! This process is preceded when you’re only an embryo. How does cell differentiate if all the cells have the same, or similar, genetic information? Differentiation is the process where cells change in structure and become capable of carrying out specialized functions. Cells that are developing in a certain body parts “realizes” their surroundings, and this “turns off” some genetic instructions to fit into that environment, or the job that they’re assigned to. The same things happen to stem cells, which are “blank cells” that can specialize in a certain function when the body need a certain type of cell. The main advantage of having stem cells in living organisms is self regeneration, and without its ability, it is possible that we would be a blob of “things”, we would not even be a blob of flesh! An interesting fact about the relationship between the discovery of stem cell’s ability and today’s medical technology is that scientists have tried to rewire certain instructions given to the stem cells. For example, if a person lost part of his limb, and is recovering slowly, then it is possible that scientists can rewire many of the stem cells in his body to all specialize in a function which they will replace the parts of the lost limb! The discovery of cell differentiation might revolutionize the future  medical technology!

Part 2:

Cell Differentiation Research

Our cities become specialized in many ways. One particular attractive city is the Silicon Valley. In the Silicon Valley (SV) many jobs are provided because of  many foreigners and tourists to apply from. There are approximately 44,000 jobs created in the last year. According to the “Job Boom” article, Fremont and San Diego require fee called “residential impact fee” which then enters the fund for affordable housings. Therefore, this is an important action because there is not enough housing in the SV. There are consequences to SV being specialized, although. One example is, many people became poor due to the fact that housing is very expensive and families are separating because of financial reasons. Another reason, is that there so many people coming in the Valley that there isn’t enough money to pay each of them per hour. This means that if residents do not get paid the money they needed, then they would not be able to pay rent and that is why about 8,000 people(2,000 families) are living on the streets of Silicon Valley. The question now is, is this whole problem new? No, this problem of people not finding an affordable housing quickly is not new. 'Because we are poor and they are rich, and that's the way it is here.' says Ms Perez based on an article. Here in Mountain View all the way to San Jose, this problem of being poor and being in a rich family is not a new problem. Residents who are in the low class are treated very differently in our area. For low class families, they have low-income houses that look like normal high class houses because the government runs it and they have a decent amount of money to pay for things like that.  But if you were a family that still couldnt afford those low income houses, no one here in MV will be nice enough to let you pay for half the price. Either you take the house or live on the streets.

Part 3:

.It is clear that the city can learn how to multi-task from the cell. To build on this idea one person can be able to do many different jobs so if they pass by a problem, they can easily “transform” to the type of job or person that is best for that certain problem. For example, we can have police officers patrol with a certain amount of people and so when they pass by a house on fire, while one is calling the firefighters in that location the others can immediately come to the rescue! Basically, what I’m saying is one person can have their own main job, but they can do other jobs such as firefighters, police officers, doctor or paramedics, etc. Another lesson from the cell is that they can have more types of police officers. For instance, some could be a patroler, another can be a “B cell” or spy, and one more could be a soldier or “T cell”. Doing this would have a more organized department and can be able to protect easier. In addition, the city could learn how to react faster so they’ll be less crimes

Blog Post #3

How does a cell defend the body?

The cell can defend the body by eliminating the invading pathogens and consequent recovery from illness.The cells that do this are the white blood cells, the Leukocytes. This leaves the blood streams, transform into macrophages and devour substances. You can refer this to a Patrol Officer because it checks everything and  when they see something that doesn’t seem ok, they stop and check them. Other cells that do this are the Neutrophils, they sacrifice their lives, they also swarm and gather intelligence. Another cell that  helps  are  Lymphocytes, they are secret agents meaning that they spy on invaders. They also expose them and leave an opening for T cells. The helper T cells send signals to B cells and they cause B cells to go into overdrive. There are also T cells, they are like special forces, they also use the key attached by B cells and they are attacked the invaders.

How do police forces defend cities?

A body cam is used like officers use body cams.

Cities police forces are not well trained. A piece of evidence is that police forces are receiving military weapons and vehicles. For instance, the government restrained the militarization of the police. Also, police officers cannot be trusted at all times. According to the article, “Within a year, the number of complaints filed against police officers in Rialto fell by 88 percent and ‘use of force’ fell by 59 percent. ‘When you put a camera on a police officer, they tend to behave a little better, follow the rules a little better,’” This means that if policemen are being watched 12 hours straight, preventing them from disobeying the law and to use the force. In addition, it is beneficial to have many police officers patrolling, but if you don’t have enough police officers then… Like the city of Camden, murders, robberies, rapes, burglary, begin to happen. Camden is ranked most dangerous in the US.

What can a city learn from a cell about how to defend properly?

It is clear that the city can learn how to properly defend itself from a cell. To build on this idea, cities could learn how to communicate better with other governments and cities like cells interact with other types of cells in order to defeat the evil virus or bacteria. Another lesson from the cell that a city can learn from is that the more police officers there are patrolling, the less crimes missed and more things caught. Doing this would be very beneficial to the city because residents won’t need to stress or worry too much and stress can lead to health issues as well. In addition, cities should not only patrolling but have secret spies in which they gather information to find and catch the person.  

Prezi: Cell Defense Audio Visual

Birth of a City: Question #1

Question #1: (By Ayuka)

In the US there are different rules or laws in each city or state. Over 61 billion people speak a different language at home in the United States. This is so because many immigrants or visitors come here. Although, in states other than California, they have English as their own language. However, California doesn't. Since here in California, many people don't speak English as their first language, we have many companies that translate things such as documents or letters for them to understand easier. Evan Weibel thinks in America, this won't change in the future. Actually, Weibel thinks it'll last for a long time.

In America, there are other issues other than language use and translation. Another problem occurring ere is gun use. By reading the article provided, I have learned that the more laws you have, the less gun-related deaths happen. For example, in Massachusetts where laws are enforced well, their are only 3.4 deaths per 100,000 people. Although in states like Louisiana, the laws enforced are a little so their are 18 deaths per 100,000 people according to the article I have read. This shows that in states with more laws made have less deaths caused by gun shots.

The Birth of a City: Question #2

Question #2 (By Max T) 

Cities laws are different or the same depending on their governor. The article points out that “The impacts of Google's growth have become obvious, he said: Shoreline Boulevard is more gridlocked than ever, there's been an unprecedented spike in rents and restaurants are struggling as a bigger percentage of workers eat free gourmet lunches on campus.” This means that local restaurants are going out of business because many employees eat free in google. This may be a problem to the community  because the growth of Mountain View has been increasing. Additionally, not all cities grow at the same rate. According to my research Mountain View rents for apartments is getting closer to how much people pay for an apartment in San Francisco. This proves my point on how cities don’t grow at the same rate. Another interesting fact, is that many small cities in China are getting turn to median cities with the population of 200,000 to 500,000. Some people argue that the expansion should wait about ten years. For the reason that its going to be hard to find opportunities of getting employed. In my perspective I believe that cities growth is not very pleasing.  

Blog Post #2

How does a cell make more cells?

The cell cycle creates new cells by using the process called mitosis. One important fact about this process is that their are certain steps that need to be taken in order to duplicate or create new cells. Another important fact about this process is that this process takes about a whole day to be completed. Then, this is repeated until it is at it's limits. The daughter cells created are similar from the parent cell because the amount of chromosomes the parents have, whether it's 25 or 50, the daughter cells get the exact same amount of chromosomes as their parent. During the process, errors are avoided by not letting it continue the process. It can find the errors itself and stop to prevent any issues. Finally, the process of mitosis has 6 steps in all. Basically, the process starts off with 2 chromosomes in one cell and duplicates 2x and are pulled away from eachother going to opposite ends of the cell. Then the cytoplasm is making the cell split into two. Lastly, it creates 2 daughter cells that have exactly the same amount of chromosomes as the parent cell.

Describing the effects of the city growth. 

Cities laws are restricted and are being controlled although not as tightly controlled as the government law. One interesting fact in support of this is that for example in rent costs, depending on the region, the rents are high or low. If it is high, most likely, the costs are because they don't have anyone controlling the rent costs so rent house owners can choose any amount of cost how much or how less they want. This means they have a choice to choose to have their tenants pay more than they need to, have them pay a reasonable cost, or have them pay an amount cheaper than the average. Another interesting fact about cities is that all the cities are not controlled or governed the same way as others. For instance, if Palo Alto have their own way of controlling their city, Mountain View might have a different way. It also depends on where you live. If you live near or in a place where it has very nice weather or it is a good, safe place to live, mod likely the residential costs will go up and up.  If the houses are in a little city where no one really notices it, the residential cots might be lower because there might be not so good things about that region. Finally, safety in that area. If that area is not so good, like there's lots of crimes and robberies, then no one would really want to live their. This is like an error occurring in the cell division process or mitosis.

Is the city or the cell better at growing and creating more of itself.

It is clear that the cell is much better at growing and creating more of itself because the cell works perfecto and it passes on the exact same amount of chromosomes from the parent cell to the daughter cells and repeats this step. To build on this idea, the cell has a perfect processor in which they can duplicate and have no mistakes be made. It exactly copies the parent to the daughter cells and those daughter cells each turn into parent cells and copies itself and the process continues on without any "crimes" or "robberies". In addition, even if it does get errors, the cell shuts down or rather closes up so that "robber" won't come in. This is the cytoplasm that's doing this. Another fact in support of this is that cells know when they are at their limits. Cities don't. Cells go to a certain point and stop because if your body over flows with cells, your body might not function properly and you might have some issues. For cities, many problems occur because of too many cities being formed. For example, green land is getting fewer and fewer, pollution is increasing world-wide, and rents are more expensive than they need to be. We need more green land because where there's green land, there's trees, where there's trees, there's more oxygen being produced, and where there are more oxygen being produced, the cleaner the air is! 

Cell Division Movie. Created by Max T & Ayuka K.
(Lego Movie used)

                                          ^cities at first                                             ^cities increasing intensively

Chart to show how much city growth is, increase in residential costs, and/or increase

 in amount of people living in that region.

The Birth of A CIty Intoduction

The Birth of A City: Introduction

A city is large human settlement that include administrative, legal, historical status based on local law. Cities are associated with metropolitan and/or urban areas. There are also transportation for commuters seeking jobs in other communities or areas. City information include crime rates, population records, and raw materials to "support trade", also known as purchasing goods. The fastest growing city, according to wikipedia, was Dubai UAE.

According to an article, “Between 2.3m and 2.4m Americans are behind bars, roughly one in every 100 adults.” This states that because of our very strict law, many innocent people are in bars because of something they were acusse of but had nothing to deal with nor The results of having many safety checks in our cities may vary. In many ways possible, these checks allows police or other people to investigate a vehicle that may include drugs or weapons
Why is Dubai, UAE growing so fast? Could it possibly slow down?

How does the cell get energy?

The cell  receives energy by converting energy into ATP using mitochondria.

One important fact about this process  is that if the body does not burn glucose or get any glucose it won’t have energy.

Another important fact is that its important to eat healthy food to get more energy than sugar which burns faster and wastes faster.

Finally, the cell gets energy by burning glucose.

How does a city get energy?

The city will be used with a power plant. One way of producing energy in a city is that it will burn coal and create gas. Another interesting fact about the energy the city has is that it creates pollution. That is bad for the earth.

In your opinion, is the city or the cell more efficient?  Explain

It is clear that the cell gets energy more efficiently because it does not create pollution like the city. In addition, the way the cell makes energy is healthy for the earth.